Definition of Boiling Point in Chemistry

The boiling point is affected by atmospheric pressure

Boiling water
This is boiling water. The temperature of the water may be at its boiling point or above it. David Murray and Jules Selmes / Getty Images

The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure surrounding the liquid. Therefore, the boiling point of a liquid depends on atmospheric pressure. The boiling point becomes lower as the external pressure is reduced. As an example, at sea level the boiling point of water is 100 C (212 F), but at 6,600 feet the boiling point is 93.4 C (200.1 F).

Boiling vs. Evaporation

Boiling differs from evaporation. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon that occurs at any temperature in which molecules at the liquid edge escape as vapor because there is not enough liquid pressure on all sides to hold them. In contrast, boiling affects all molecules in the liquid, not just those on the surface. Because molecules within the liquid change to vapor, bubbles form.

Types of Boiling Points

Boiling point is also known as saturation temperature. Sometimes boiling point is defined by the pressure at which the measurement was taken. In 1982, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC0 defined the standard boiling point as the temperature of boiling under 1 bar of pressure. The normal boiling point or atmospheric boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure at sea level (1 atmosphere).

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Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Definition of Boiling Point in Chemistry." ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/definition-of-boiling-point-604390. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2021, February 16). Definition of Boiling Point in Chemistry. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-boiling-point-604390 Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Definition of Boiling Point in Chemistry." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-boiling-point-604390 (accessed March 29, 2024).