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Fiber Volume
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 Related Terms
• Fiber-Resin Ratio
• Void Content
• Void Ratio
• Volume Fraction
 
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Definition: The volume of fiber in a cured composite. The fiber volume of a composite material may be determined by chemical matrix digestion, in which the matrix is dissolved and the fibers weighed and calculated from substituent weights and densities or a photomicrographic technique may be used in which the number of fibers in a given area of a polished cross section is counted and the volume fraction determined as the area fraction of each constituent. Typical values for boron/epoxy and for graphite/epoxy, based upon the fiber type, is 55-67% fiber.
Definition Copyright ©1989 CRC Press LLC. All rights reserved.

Chemical digestion is described in ASTM D3171. A chemical must be chosen that does not attack the fibers. Typical selections include nitric acid for epoxy, sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide for polyimides and PEEK, and others as described in ASTM D3171. An alternative approach, commonly used for glass fiber composites, is the resin burn-off method, described in ASTM D2584. The fiber volume fraction is calculated as

where

Vf = volume fraction of fibers
Wf = weight of fibers
Wm = weight of matrix
ρf = density of fibers
ρm = density of matrix

Elsewhere on the Web:

ASTM D3171
Standard Test Method for Constituent Content of Composite Materials

ASTM D2584
Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins

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