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Definition:
A relatively inert material added to a basic resin or adhesive to alter its physical, mechanical, thermal, or electrical properties or to reduce cost. Particulate additives are inert substances consisting of generally small particles that do not markedly improve the tensile strength of a product, whereas reinforcements are fibrous and do significantly improve the tensile strength. The most commonly used general purpose fillers are clays, silicates, talcs, carbonates, asbestos fines and paper. Some fillers also act as pigments, e.g., carbon black, chalk and titanium dioxide; while graphite, molybdenum disulfide and PTFE impart lubricity. Magnetic properties can be obtained by incorporating magnetic mineral fillers such as barium sulfate. Other metallic fillers such as lead or its oxides are used to increase specific gravity. Powdered aluminum imparts higher thermal and electrical conductivity, as do other powdered metals such as copper, lead and bronze. See also REINFORCED PLASTIC, BINDER and EXTENDER.
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